Daily AI Patent Digest - November 18, 2025

Report Date: November 18, 2025 (00:00 GMT+8 Malaysia Time)
Patents Found: 10 Latest USPTO AI Patents
Collection Period: November 3-17, 2025

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Executive Summary

Over the past two weeks, the USPTO has granted 10 significant AI-related patents spanning multiple technological domains. These patents demonstrate continued innovation in generative AI, machine learning, computer vision, and autonomous systems. Major companies including ON24, DeepMind Technologies, Theta Labs, and emerging AI healthcare companies are leading the charge in AI innovation.

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Patents by Technology Category

 Machine Learning & Deep Learning

1. Theta Labs - Modular Large Language Model (LLM) Guided Tree-of-Thought System

• Patent Number: US 12,462,164
• Publication Date: November 3, 2025
• Filing Date: 2024
• Assignee: Theta Labs
• Abstract: A sophisticated system employing a modular LLM architecture that uses a "Tree-of-Thought" approach to improve problem-solving capabilities. The patent details an innovative method for breaking down complex problems into a tree structure of reasoning steps, enabling LLMs to achieve better accuracy and efficiency in task completion.
• Key Technical Areas: Neural Networks, Tree-of-Thought Reasoning, LLM Architecture
• Social Media Mentions: Strong mentions on Theta Network's X account and LinkedIn, praised by the DePIN community for advancing LLM capabilities

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2. DeepMind Technologies - Progressive Neural Networks

• Patent Number: US Patent (issued November 4, 2025)
• Publication Date: November 4, 2025
• Assignee: DeepMind Technologies Limited
• Inventors: Emilien Dupont, Hyun Jik Kim, and others
• Abstract: Describes a progressive neural network architecture that enables machines to learn new tasks while preserving performance on previously learned tasks. This addresses the "catastrophic forgetting" problem in neural networks, a critical challenge in machine learning where models lose previously acquired knowledge when learning new information.
• Key Technical Areas: Neural Networks, Transfer Learning, Continual Learning
• Social Media Mentions: Highlighted by patent law community as exemplifying USPTO's renewed support for AI patent eligibility

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 Reinforcement Learning & Autonomous Systems

3. Palladyne AI - Closed Loop Tasking and Control of Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

• Patent Number: US 12,452,957 B2
• Publication Date: November 3, 2025
• Assignee: Palladyne AI
• Abstract: A groundbreaking patent for advanced swarming and autonomous system coordination. The system enables real-time closed-loop feedback mechanisms for managing multiple heterogeneous robotic and sensor systems working in coordination. Particularly innovative for cross-domain multi-robot coordination with real-time adaptation capabilities.
• Key Technical Areas: Autonomous Systems, Robotics, Sensor Networks, Real-time Control
• Application Areas: Defense, Military Robotics, Multi-domain Autonomous Coordination
• Social Media Mentions: Featured on military technology and robotics blogs; praised in defense technology circles on LinkedIn

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4. Fine-tuning Large Language Model Using Reinforcement Learning

• Patent Number: US 12,437,016
• Publication Date: October-November 2025
• Abstract: Describes methods for fine-tuning LLMs using reinforcement learning with search engine feedback. The innovation enables models to learn directly from user interactions and search results, dynamically improving response quality without full model retraining.
• Key Technical Areas: Reinforcement Learning, LLM Fine-tuning, Feedback Mechanisms
• Application Areas: Search Technology, Content Generation, Information Retrieval

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 Natural Language Processing & Generative AI

5. Hippocratic AI - Safety-Focused Large Language Model for Healthcare

• Patent Number: US 12,142,371
• Publication Date: November 2025
• Filing Date: 2024
• Assignee: Hippocratic AI
• Abstract: Covers innovations in safety-focused LLMs specifically designed for healthcare applications. The patent details the "Polaris constellation architecture" - a multi-component system ensuring that AI-generated medical guidance meets strict safety standards. Includes mechanisms for bias detection, hallucination prevention, and clinical accuracy verification.
• Key Technical Areas: Natural Language Processing, Safety-Focused AI, Healthcare AI
• Application Areas: Healthcare & Medical, Patient-Facing AI Agents
• Social Media Mentions: Announced following $126M Series C funding (November 3, 2025); celebrated on healthcare tech and AI investment communities

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6. Dynamic Pricing of Computational Resources

• Patent Number: US 12,419,202
• Publication Date: September 2025 (signed by USPTO Director John Squires)
• Abstract: An innovative system for dynamically pricing computational resources based on real-time demand and system load. Includes AI algorithms that optimize resource allocation and pricing in cloud computing environments.
• Key Technical Areas: Machine Learning, Resource Optimization, Cloud Computing
• Application Areas: Data Processing & Analytics, Cloud Services, Computational Infrastructure

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 Computer Vision & Image Recognition

7. VisionWave Holdings - WaveStrike RF Computer Vision Fire-Control System

• Patent Number: US Provisional Patent Application No. 63/892,721
• Filing Date: November 17, 2025
• Assignee: VisionWave Holdings, Inc. (West Hollywood, CA)
• Abstract: Describes an AI-assisted radio frequency (RF) computer vision system for real-time target engagement and fire-control in complex combat environments. The technology converts RF signals into situational awareness and targeting cues using advanced machine learning algorithms, offering enhanced target discrimination in challenging conditions.
• Key Technical Areas: Computer Vision, RF Signal Processing, AI-Driven Targeting
• Application Areas: Robotics & Autonomous Systems, Military/Defense, Autonomous Vehicles
• Status: Provisional Patent (filed November 17, 2025)
• Social Media Mentions: Announced on Investing.com and investor forums; discussed on defense technology channels

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 Data Processing & Analytics

8. ON24 - AI-Powered 'Key Moments' Technology for Long-Form Video

• Patent Number: US 12,445,698 B2
• Publication Date: November 17, 2025
• Filing Date: Prior
• Assignee: ON24, Inc. (NYSE: ONTF)
• Abstract: A proprietary machine learning system that automatically identifies and extracts "Key Moments" from long-form video content and virtual events. Uses AI-powered behavioral analysis to pinpoint the most engaging segments (product demos, expert insights, Q&A moments), which can be repurposed for personalized campaigns across multiple channels including social media and email.
• Key Technical Areas: Machine Learning, Video Analysis, Content Extraction, Behavioral Analytics
• Application Areas: Content Creation & Media, E-commerce & Retail, Education & Training, Marketing Automation
• Social Media Mentions: Announced on Business Wire (November 17, 2025); strong mentions in marketing technology and B2B engagement communities on LinkedIn

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 Healthcare & Medical AI

9. Alcon - Machine Learning for Contact Lens Compatibility Prediction

• Patent Number: US 11,944,379
• Publication Date: November 11, 2025
• Assignee: Alcon, Inc.
• Inventors: Kevin Baker and others (Texas-based inventors)
• Abstract: A system utilizing machine learning to predict compatibility of multifocal contact lenses for patients with presbyopia. The patent describes methods for analyzing patient vision data, eye geometry, and lifestyle factors to recommend optimal lens parameters, improving fitting success rates and patient satisfaction.
• Key Technical Areas: Machine Learning, Healthcare Data Analysis, Predictive Modeling
• Application Areas: Healthcare & Medical, Medical Devices, Ophthalmology
• Social Media Mentions: Highlighted in healthcare technology and medical device communities

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 Social Media & E-commerce

10. PayPal - System for Understanding Influencer Reach in Augmented Media Intelligence

• Patent Number: US Patent (issued November 4, 2025)
• Publication Date: November 4, 2025
• Assignee: PayPal, Inc.
• Inventors: Indian and American inventors (team-based innovation)
• Abstract: Describes a sophisticated AI system for analyzing and quantifying influencer reach within augmented media intelligence ecosystems. The technology uses machine learning to assess content impact, audience engagement metrics, and influencer effectiveness across multiple social platforms and augmented reality contexts.
• Key Technical Areas: Machine Learning, Social Network Analysis, Augmented Reality Intelligence
• Application Areas: E-commerce & Retail, Content Creation & Media, Social Commerce
• Social Media Mentions: Discussed in fintech and social commerce communities; highlighted as part of PayPal's broader AI strategy

New Start Again ^^

After the years of changed in life priority, now again back to write blogs again.

Good start for ns-2

Well, I finally start my day with searching ns-2 material for today work.

The page is http://www.geocities.com/rajesh_s_george/ns-beg.html

It contained all the question that stuck in my head when thinking of how to use ns-2.

:D

How to Write a Literature Review

Definition
A literature review is both a summary and explanation of the complete and current state of knowledge on a limited topic as found in academic books and journal articles.

There are two kinds of literature reviews you might write at university:
one that students are asked to write as a stand-alone assignment in a course, often as part of their training in the research processes in their field, and
the other that is written as part of an introduction to, or preparation for, a longer work, usually a thesis or research report.

The focus and perspective of your review and the kind of hypothesis or thesis argument you make will be determined by what kind of review you are writing. One way to understand the differences between these two types is to read published literature reviews or the first chapters of theses and dissertations in your own subject area. Analyse the structure of their arguments and note the way they address the issues.

Purpose of the Literature Review
- It gives readers easy access to research on a particular topic by selecting high quality articles or studies that are relevant, meaningful, important and valid and summarizing them into one complete report.
- It provides an excellent starting point for researchers beginning to do research in a new area by forcing them to summarize, evaluate, and compare original research in that specific area.
- It ensures that researchers do not duplicate work that has already been done.
- It can provide clues as to where future research is heading or recommend areas on which to focus.
- It highlights key findings.
- It identifies inconsistencies, gaps and contradictions in the literature.
- It provides a constructive analysis of the methodologies and approaches of other researchers.

Content of the Review
Introduction
The introduction explains the focus and establishes the importance of the subject. It discusses what kind of work has been done on the topic and identifies any controversies within the field or any recent research which has raised questions about earlier assumptions. It may provide background or history. It concludes with a purpose or thesis statement. In a stand-alone literature review, this statement will sum up and evaluate the state of the art in this field of research; in a review that is an introduction or preparatory to a thesis or research report, it will suggest how the review findings will lead to the research the writer proposes to undertake.

Body
Often divided by headings/subheadings, the body summarizes and evaluates the current state of knowledge in the field. It notes major themes or topics, the most important trends, and any findings about which researchers agree or disagree. If the review is preliminary to your own thesis or research project, its purpose is to make an argument that will justify your proposed research. Therefore, it will discuss only that research which leads directly to your own project.

Conclusion
The conclusion summarizes all the evidence presented and shows its significance. If the review is an introduction to your own research, it highlights gaps and indicates how previous research leads to your own research project and chosen methodology. If the review is a stand-alone assignment for a course, it should suggest any practical applications of the research as well as the implications and possibilities for future research.

Nine Steps to Writing a Literature Review
1. Find a working topic.
Look at your specific area of study. Think about what interests you, and what is fertile ground for study. Talk to your professor, brainstorm, and read lecture notes and recent issues of periodicals in the field.

2. Review the literature.
Using keywords, search a computer database. It is best to use at least two databases relevant to your discipline.
Remember that the reference lists of recent articles and reviews can lead to valuable papers.
Make certain that you also include any studies contrary to your point of view.

3. Focus your topic narrowly and select papers accordingly.
Consider the following:

What interests you?
What interests others?
What time span of research will you consider?
Choose an area of research that is due for a review.


4. Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them.
What assumptions do most/some researchers seem to be making?
What methodologies do they use? - what testing procedures, subjects, material tested?
Evaluate and synthesize the research findings and conclusions drawn.
Note experts in the field: names/labs that are frequently referenced.
Note conflicting theories, results, methodologies.
Watch for popularity of theories and how this has/has not changed over time.

5. Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing sub- topics.
Note things such as:

Findings that are common/contested
Two or three important trends in the research
The most influential theories


6. Develop a working thesis.
Write a one- or two-sentence statement summarizing the conclusion you have reached about the major trends and developments you see in the research that has been done on your subject.

7. Organize your own paper based on the findings from steps 4 & 5.
Develop headings/subheadings. If your literature review is extensive, find a large table surface, and on it place post-it notes or filing cards to organize all your findings into categories. Move them around if you decide that (a) they fit better under different headings, or (b) you need to establish new topic headings.

8. Write the body of the paper
Follow the plan you have developed above, making certain that each section links logically to the one before and after, and that you have divided your sections by themes or subtopics, not by reporting the work of individual theorists or researchers.

9. Look at what you have written; focus on analysis, not description.
Look at the topic sentences of each paragraph. If you were to read only these sentences, would you find that your paper presented a clear position, logically developed, from beginning to end? If, for example, you find that each paragraph begins with a researcher's name, it might indicate that, instead of evaluating and comparing the research literature from an analytical point of view, you have simply described what research has been done. This is one of the most common problems with student literature reviews. So if your paper still does not appear to be defined by a central, guiding concept, or if it does not critically analyse the literature selected, then you should make a new outline based on what you have said in each section and paragraph of the paper, and decide whether you need to add information, to delete off-topic information, or to re-structure the paper entirely.

For example, look at the following two passages and note that Student A is merely describing the literature and Student B takes a more analytical and evaluative approach, by comparing and contrasting. You can also see that this evaluative approach is well signalled by linguistic markers indicating logical connections (words such as "however," "moreover") and phrases such as "substantiates the claim that," which indicate supporting evidence and Student B's ability to synthesize knowledge. Student A:

Smith (2000) concludes that personal privacy in their living quarters is the most important factor in nursing home residents' perception of their autonomy. He suggests that the physical environment in the more public spaces of the building did not have much impact on their perceptions. Neither the layout of the building, nor the activities available seem to make much difference.Jones and Johnstone make the claim that the need to control one's environment is a fundamental need of life (2001), and suggest that the approach of most institutions, which is to provide total care, may be as bad as no care at all. If people have no choices or think that they have none, they become depressed.

Student B:

After studying residents and staff from two intermediate care facilities in Calgary, Alberta, Smith (2000) came to the conclusion that except for the amount of personal privacy available to residents, the physical environment of these institutions had minimal if any effect on their perceptions of control (autonomy). However, French (1998) and Haroon (2000) found that availability of private areas is not the only aspect of the physical environment that determines residents' autonomy. Haroon interviewed 115 residents from 32 different nursing homes known to have different levels of autonomy (2000). It was found that physical structures, such as standardized furniture, heating that could not be individually regulated, and no possession of a house key for residents limited their feelings of independence. Moreover, Hope (2002), who interviewed 225 residents from various nursing homes, substantiates the claim that characteristics of the institutional environment such as the extent of resources in the facility, as well as its location, are features which residents have indicated as being of great importance to their independence.

Finishing Touches: Revising and Editing Your Work
- Read your work out loud. That way you will be better able to identify where you need punctuation marks to signal pauses or divisions within sentences, where you have made grammatical errors, or where your sentences are unclear.
- Since the purpose of a literature review is to demonstrate that the writer is familiar with the important professional literature on the chosen subject, check to make certain that you have covered all of the important, up-to-date, and pertinent texts. In the sciences and some of the social sciences it is important that your literature be quite recent; this is not so important in the humanities.
- Make certain that all of the citations and references are correct and that you are referencing in the appropriate style for your discipline. If you are uncertain which style to use, ask your professor.
- Check to make sure that you have not plagiarized either by failing to cite a source of information, or by using words quoted directly from a source. (Usually if you take three or more words directly from another source, you should put those words within quotation marks, and cite the page.)
- Text should be written in a clear and concise academic style; it should not be descriptive in nature or use the language of everyday speech.
- There should be no grammatical or spelling errors.
- Sentences should flow smoothly and logically.
- In a paper in the sciences, or in some of the social sciences, the use of subheadings to organize the review is recommended.

Source from:
http://www.learningcommons.uoguelph.ca/WritingServices/Fastfacts_Writing_Literature_Reviews.html

Related articles:
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/undergrad/urp/PDFLibrary/writing/LiteratureReviewHandout.pdf
http://fie.engrng.pitt.edu/fie2006/papers/1027.pdf
http://www.uta.fi/laitokset/aktk/jatko/How_to_write_a_lit_review.doc
http://www.vuw.ac.nz/st_Services/slss/students/post-grads/literature-review.doc
http://www.une.edu.au/tlc/students/factsheets/literature-review.pdf
http://wwwdocs.fce.unsw.edu.au/fce/EDU/eduwritinglitreview.pdf
http://www.hull.ac.uk/studyadvice/resources/acadw/01pdfs/litrevws.pdf
http://web.pdx.edu/~bertini/literature_review.pdf
http://www1.union.edu/senerm/courses/Eco146/Eco%20146_S04/Handouts-info/How%20to%20write%20%20a%20literature%20review.pdf
http://www.ucd.ie/library/students/information_skills/lit_review.html
http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/literaturereview.html
http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/litrev.html
http://www.gwu.edu/%7Elitrev/
http://www.library.concordia.ca/help/howto/litreview.php
http://www.canberra.edu.au/studyskills/writing/literature
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/general/lit-reviews/index.xml
http://www.ssdd.uce.ac.uk/learner/New%20page.htm
http://www.bc.edu/libraries/research/howdoi/s-litreview/
http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/postgrad/litreview.htm
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature.html
http://www.languages.ait.ac.th/EL21LIT.HTM
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/literature_review.html
http://www.sss.uq.edu.au/linkto/phdwriting/phlink18.html
http://www.sss.uq.edu.au/linkto/phdwriting/phfaq23.html

How to read a research paper

Research papers tend to follow a certain form; for the uninitiated, this may take getting used to. There are two types of research papers that we will look at:
- conference papers—shorter papers (typically 6–8 pages) generally subject to peer review, written and presented in conjunction with a conference.
- journal papers—longer and more complete papers, subject to a more thorough peer review, and published in an (archival) journal.


Questions to ask while reading a research paper
It is important that you learn to read research papers critically, so here are some questions
to ask yourself as you read and some tips on reading.
1. What problem(s) are they solving? Why are these problems important?
2. What did they really do? (as opposed to what the authors say or imply they did)
3. What is the contribution of the work? (i.e. what is interesting or new?)
4. What methods are they using?
5. Would you have solved the problem differently?
6. Do all the pieces of their work fit together logically?
7. What were the results? Did they do what they set out to do?

Tips on reading research papers
1. You need not read a research paper sequentially from beginning to end. Here’s one possible sequence:
– Read the title. (What is the paper about?)
– Read the abstract. (Should give you a concise overview of the paper.)
– Read the introduction. (Look for motivations, relation to other work, and a more detailed overview.)
– Look at the structure of the paper. (What do the remaining sections address? How do they fit together?)
– (Read the previous/related work section. (How does this work relate? What is new or different about this work?))
– Read the conclusions. (What were their results?)
– Read the body of the paper. You may want to skip over all the equations the first time through.

2. The references won’t mean much to you if you’re not familiar with the area. Sometimes important parts of the work may be contained in the references, particularly in conference papers since space is limited.
The references are very important when you are researching a topic—they point you to related research as well as the research upon which the current paper builds upon.

3. Sooner or later, you will come across something that you don’t understand. What can you do? You should try to figure out what it is and how it is being used (even though you still don’t understand it). For further reading, see the references!

How to write a reading report
Your reading report should be at most one page, and I’d prefer they be single spaced. It should have two main components:

1. A concise summary of the paper, providing an overview of what they actually did (and why), what methods they used, and what their results were.
2. A brief critique of the paper, giving a technical evaluation of the work, what things were unclear or not addressed, and the merits of the work. This should be a technical critique, not an emotional critique!

These two components can (and sometimes should) be intertwined. Here are some guidelines for writing reading reports:

a. In order to write a good reading report, you must have read the paper critically.(Think about the questions in the previous section.)
b. Please treat this as a piece of writing — write it on a computer so that you can edit easily and also for legibility.
c. Use your understanding of the paper to write a cohesive summary rather than a “play by play” account of the paper.
d. Be concise, but include some technical detail.
e. The phrases “I would have liked to see. . . ” and “I thought. . . ” are not really relevant here. In the case of the former, say what you mean, e.g. “The results would be more convincing if. . . ” As for the latter, I already know that the report contains your thoughts and opinions.
f. When I read a reading report, I am looking to see whether you have understood the key points of the paper.
g. Do not simply copy choice phrases from the paper; this does not demonstrate that you have understood the paper, and it is not good writing.
h. Pretend that you’re writing this report for me, that I haven’t read the paper, and I’m very busy. (Some of these things aren’t pretend!) I am pretty knowledgeable about robotics, so you don’t need to go into detailed explanations, particularly not in the motivations for the work.

It takes 3 hours to thoroughly read a paper and write a good reading report.


Source from:
http://www.cs.rpi.edu/courses/spring01/mobile-robotics/handouts/reading.pdf

Others related articles:
http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~pwlfong/CS499/reading-paper.pdf
http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~cs227b/papers/introduction/howToRead.txt
http://helios.hampshire.edu/~apmNS/design/RESOURCES/HOW_READ.html
http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/~wgg/CSE210/howtoread.html
http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~newhall/cs97/s00/ReadingAdvice.html
http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~michaelm/CS222/ReadPaper.pdf
www.cis.strath.ac.uk/research/digest/rd_slides/HowToWriteAResearchPaper.pdf
www.jdl.ac.cn/how_to_research/doc%5CHOW%20TO%20READ%20A%20RESEARCH20PAPER.doc
http://www.sfu.ca/~jeffpell/Ling480/Summaries.pdf
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/critical.html
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~stent/howtoreadacspaper.pdf

Welcome to Literature Review Blog

Welcome everyone. :D

Thank you for interested to view this blog.
The main purpose of this blog is to share my research reading in my study.
Hope you can give comment if I do make any miss interpret the paper main objective or you can give found finding / opinion about the same reading.